Rastreo de contactos de la tuberculosis: confidencialidad, estigma y protección colectiva
Resumen
La tuberculosis es un gran desafío de salud pública, particularmente entre las poblaciones vulnerables. La búsqueda
de contactos y el tratamiento preventivo son esenciales para interrumpir la transmisión y plantean dilemas
éticos relacionados con la confidencialidad y el estigma. Este estudio revisó y discutió estos temas a partir de los
principios bioéticos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura en PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar,
incluyendo publicaciones de 2015 a 2024 sobre aspectos éticos de la búsqueda de contactos de tuberculosis.
Nueve estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión e indicaron que, aunque es relevante para controlar la enfermedad,
la búsqueda de contactos puede exponer a las personas y reforzar la estigmatización. El miedo a la discriminación
contribuyó a retener información y a una baja adherencia al tratamiento preventivo. Las estrategias
de mitigación incluyen educación en salud, comunicación empática, consentimiento informado, protección de
la privacidad y formación ética del personal sanitario. El control ético de la tuberculosis requiere equilibrar la
protección colectiva con el respeto a la autonomía y a la dignidad humana.
Palabras clave:
Citas
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