Rastreamento de contatos da tuberculose: confidencialidade, estigma e proteção coletiva
Abstract
A tuberculose continua sendo um grande desafio de saúde pública, particularmente entre populações vulneráveis.
O rastreamento de contatos e o tratamento preventivo são essenciais para interromper a transmissão, mas
também levantam dilemas éticos relacionados à confidencialidade e ao estigma. Este estudo revisou e discutiu
essas questões sob a ótica dos princípios bioéticos. Uma revisão narrativa da literatura foi conduzida nas bases
PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Google Scholar, incluindo publicações de 2015 a 2024 que examinaram aspectos éticos
do rastreamento de contatos da tuberculose. Nove estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e indicaram
que, apesar de sua relevância para o controle da doença, o rastreamento de contatos pode expor indivíduos e
reforçar a estigmatização. O medo de discriminação contribuiu para a omissão de informações e baixa adesão
ao tratamento preventivo. As estratégias de mitigação incluem educação em saúde, comunicação empática,
consentimento informado, proteção da privacidade e formação ética dos profissionais de saúde. O controle
ético da tuberculose requer equilibrar a proteção coletiva com o respeito à autonomia e à dignidade humana.
Keywords:
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