Professional communication practices in intensive care: a systematic review

Abstract

Communication is fundamental when exchanging information and providing emotional support in
healthcare contexts, especially in critical illnesses and palliative care. Empathy allows professionals
to understand the needs of patients and family members, promoting respectful and continuous
communication that takes into account the preferences discussed during treatment. However, many of
those involved face difficulties in receiving and conveying clear information. Issues such as the use
of technical jargon, insensitive approaches, and professional distress are common. Training and practices
that prioritize empathy and clarity are essential, as is the action of healthcare professionals in
accordance with the specific legal precepts of each country. This is a systematic review that analyzes
the attitudes of healthcare professionals in communicating bad news in intensive care units, in different
cultural and legal contexts, focusing on the perceptions of the multidisciplinary team.