Ethical consent in research: from Nuremberg to artificial intelligence

Abstract

Nuremberg Code, established after the atrocities of World War II, to the contemporary challenges
posed by artificial intelligence. Documents such as the Declaration of Helsinki and the Universal
Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights emphasize the importance of respecting participants’
autonomy and rights. In Brazil, research ethics is regulated by the National Research Ethics System,
with adapted norms, including the use of electronic consent, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Artificial intelligence introduces ethical challenges such as transparency, explainability, and algorithmic
biases, which can compromise participants’ understanding of processes. The evolution of consent must
keep pace with technological advancements, ensuring that individuals understand the risks and maintain
control over their data, thus preserving their autonomy and dignity in a digital transformation era.