Tracheostomy in critically ill patients in the era of informed consent

Abstract

Although tracheostomies are often performed in critical patients with prolonged or presumed prolonged mechanical ventilation, the recommendation, benefits and risks of the procedure remain controversial. Informed consent is widely established as a necessary process in surgical procedures and should be obtained prior to the performing of a tracheostomy. The present article provides a narrative review of the process of the medical recommendation of this procedure and, through the use of the tracheostomy in the critical patient,
addresses the application of the informed consent term. Theoretical aspects are discussed, such as what should be included in written documents and what should be verbally explained to patients and their families, together with other practical aspects. It was found that the current terms of consent for tracheostomies in critical patients do not prioritize autonomy, as they avoid the allocation of the resources necessary for the recommendation of the procedure.