Ethics in research with children and teens: in search of virtuous standards and guidelines

Abstract

During the course of human history, children and adolescents have often been the victims of science in clinical studies. When society was confronted with the horrors of the experiments conducted during World War II, it issued the Nuremberg Code, excluding minors from any such studies as they lack the competence to give autonomous consent. This permanent requirement of the code has resulted in therapeutic orphanhood for many aggravations of the health status of this population. Those who care for children and adolescents now face a dilemma: on one hand, they defend special protection for the group, but on the other, they work to not exclude them from the benefits that science and technology has to offer. Therefore an effort to balance these conflicting principles has emerged through the development of standards and guidelines for such special protection. The purpose of this article is to discuss those guidelines.